The progression of various chronic kidney disease to a certain stage leads to renal fibrosis. Renal fibrosis can be stimulated by a variety of factors， including kidney trauma， infection， blood circulation blockage or immune response， etc. After renal tissue damage caused by these factors， a large number of collagen fibers deposited in the stroma to form fibrous scars， which resulted in changes of renal structure and function and further led to renal fibrosis. So far， the mechanism of renal fibrosis remains not fully understood. The establishment of an ideal animal model is of great significance for the study of the mechanism of renal fibrosis. Numerous literatures reported the establishment of animal models of renal fibrosis through surgery. Therefore， this article focused on the methods of establishment of animal model of renal fibrosis by sur gery and the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in recent years.