目的：比较人、狗、鸭、鳖和鲅鱼骨密质组织形态学特征，寻找其形态学变化的进化规律。方法：收集死 亡10 年以内的现代人股骨200 例，以及狗、麻鸭、鳖各50 只的股骨，以及50 条鲅鱼肋骨，取其骨密质做成骨切片， 用硫瑾- 苦味酸染色后，在显微镜下观察骨单位数量等12 项指标，统计各指标的差异及其变化规律。结果：人、狗、 鸭、鳖和鲅鱼的骨组织学形态差异明显，仅在哺乳动物骨组织中出现骨单位带和丛状骨，骨单位的变化也具有明 显规律性，随着动物进化程度提高，骨单位的结构越来越复杂、功能越来越完善。结论：骨骼的组织学结构具有 明显进化特征，每个种属的动物骨组织学形态均具有特色鲜明的种属特性。

Objective ： To compare the morphological characteristics of compact bone in human， dog， duck， soft shelled turtle， and Spanish mackerel to find out the evolutionary rule of morphological changes. Methods ： Two hundred human femurs within 10 years of death， 50 femurs from dogs， 50 femurs from ducks， 50 femurs from soft shelled turtles， and 50 Spanish mackerel ribs were collected， cut into slices and stained with sulphur-picric acid. Twelve indexes including the number of bone units were observed under the microscope. The differences and variation rules of each index were statistically analyzed. Results ： Human， dog， duck， soft shelled turtle and Spanish mackerel had obvious differences in bone histological morphology. Osteon bands and plexiform bones were found only in mammal， and the changes of osteon also had obvious regularity. With the improvement of animal evolution， the structure of osteon became more and more complex， their functions became more and more perfect. Conclusion ： The histological structure of bone has obvious evolutionary characteristics， and the bone histological morphology of each species has distinct species characteristics.