化学遗传学技术通过全身注射或局部输注激活配体，对细胞群和神经环路的活性进行可逆性远程控制。行 为神经科学研究常借助化学遗传学技术在临床前模型中特异性地控制神经元活动，能够对特定环路和神经元亚群 产生更深层次的认识。现对化学遗传学技术的分子细胞机制及其在行为神经科学领域应用取得的进展进行综述， 探讨与化学遗传学技术相关的潜在问题以及未来研究方向。

By activating ligands through systemic or local injection， chemogenetics technique could be applied to reversibly control the activity of cell populations and neural circuits. In behavioral neuroscience research， it is also a popular method to specifically control the neuronal activities in preclinical models， leading to deeper insights into specific circuits and neuronal subsets. In this paper， the molecular cellular mechanisms in chemogenetics techniques were reviewed， and the progress in their application in behavioral neuroscience research was summarized. Finally， the potential issues associated with chemogenetics techniques and their directions in future research were discussed.