25 December 2024, Volume 47 Issue 6
    

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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 467-472. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.001
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    Objective : The study aims to make full use of the existing data to obtain more accurate segmentation results of hippocampal head, body and tail, and to analyze and display them through visualization. Methods : This study used a semi-supervised segmentation method to make full use of both labeled and unlabeled data on 103 adolescent brain MRI datasets. It employed two sub-networks for co-training, where each sub-network was not only trained by the labeled data, but also predicted the unlabeled data in order to obtain pseudo-labels that then guided the training process of the other sub-network. Results : Experiments and visualization analysis showed that the method could achieve better hippocampal segmentation on both labeled and unlabeled data, and the hippocampal head, body and tail showed better morphological structures. Conclusion : The method and system proposed in this study can help clinicians observe the hippocampus more clearly and accomplish more accurate diagnosis and analysis.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 473-477. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.002
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    Objective : This study employs a cutting-edge machine learning approach, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), to map personalized cerebellar functional topographies. Its objective is to investigate the topological variances within cerebellar functional networks across individuals and to explore their potential correlations with cognitive behaviors. Methods: The resting-state brain functional data of individuals were processed through the NMF technique to obtain non-negative cerebellar functional networks specific to each individual, along with their corresponding non-negative time series. Results : The NMF technique successfully identified 17 distinct cerebellar functional networks, each exhibiting significant individual variability at the personal level. Additionally, the study developed predictive models that associated the topological features of these networks with cognitive behaviors, highlighting the heterogeneity of cerebellar functional networks among individuals. Conclusion : This study substantiates the effectiveness of NMF in capturing individualized cerebellar functional networks and reveals substantial inter-individual differences in these networks. These insights offer novel avenues for the precise diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and contribute scientific groundwork for the formulation of future personalized neuroregulatory treatment strategies.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 478-482. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.003
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    Objective : To develop an automatic measurement algorithm that can effectively cope with the effects of image noise and shadow occlusion, in order to improve the accuracy and objectivity of measuring fetal development status in fetal ultrasound imaging, and to reduce the impact of operator's subjective judgment on measurement results. Methods : A fetal organ contour recognition method based on anatomical shape memory learning was introduced, utilizing recurrent convolution to learn the search strategy for organ edges, while simultaneously memorizing the contour shape. This method aims to enhance the measurement accuracy of organs in fetal ultrasound images and improve robustness against image noise. Results : After testing on a dataset comprising fetal ultrasound images of 45 heads, 20 abdomens, and 20 femurs, this method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 0.96 for head segmentation, 0.94 for abdomen segmentation, and 0.87 for femur segmentation demonstrating superior robustness and precision compared to the existing nnU-Net classic deep learning method. Notably, this method could also provide complete contour segmentation for organs with missing outlines due to acoustic shadowing through shape memory. Conclusion : This method significantly reduces the workload of ultrasound physicians and improves recognition speed and accuracy by enabling automatic and accurate segmentation of intrauterine fetal ultrasound images.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 483-487. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.004
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    Objective: Using visualized digital human technology, to develop a growth and development model of children's mandibular bone, with the purpose of enhancing the visualization of orthodontic treatment planning, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of the orthodontic process. Methods: From the established frozen section dataset of a 6-year-old boy, a digital mandibular bone dataset of the child was manually extracted by combining grayscale image thresholding and image processing capabilities in Photoshop 2020 software.The extracted mandibular bone dataset was converted into a visualizable mandibular model by using surface modeling technology, and saved in STL format. Based on the cone beam CT imaging data of pediatric orthodontic patients, the Mimics 21.0 software was utilized to process the imaging data and extract the mandibular bone models of the pediatric patients. A mandibular growth and development model was developed by combining the laws of mandibular growth and development with the measurement data of pediatric patients. Additionally, Experiments involving circular holes with diameters of 10 mm and 5 mm, as well as elongated holes, were conducted on dried mandibular specimens to validate the accuracy of the mandibular growth and development model. Results: A mandibular growth model for orthodontic design was successfully developed. Conclusion:The application of visual digital human technology in constructing mandibular growth and development models provides a new perspective for orthodontic treatment planning and design.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 488-492. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.005
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    Objective : To compare the effects of different slings on the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence through finite element analysis. Methods : Based on the static MRI images of an asymptomatic healthy primipara, a finite element model of her pelvic organs was reconstructed to simulate different working conditions. Results : In the experiments, levator ani muscle damage led to displacement changes, with different displacement locations under various damage conditions. When both the levator ani muscle and the pelvic fascia tendon arch were damaged simultaneously, the bladder displacement significantly increased during the resting period and the maximum Valsalva period, reaching 13.98 mm and 105.20 mm respectively, a significant difference. Furthermore, after levator ani muscle injury, the strain tensor at the cervical end increased, and the strain tensor at the midanterior vaginal wall increased with the degree of injury. Conclusion : Compared with transobturator tape, tensionfree vaginal tape is more effective in correcting the excessive activity of pelvic organs.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 493-499. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.006
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    Objective : To explore the effects and mechanisms of Crocin on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expression. Methods : MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Crocin. MTT and cell scratch were used to detect cell proliferation and migration. The STAT3 agonist Colivelin was used to intervene in the Crocin-treated breast cancer cells. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect changes in the expression o f VEGF-C and STAT-3. Results : Crocin could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 cells, and was positively correlated with drug concentration and time. The IC50 values of MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-30 cells at 48 hours were 2 376 μmol/L and 2 654 μmol/L, respectively. After Crocin treatment for 24 h and 48 h, the migration ability of both cells was significantly reduced. Besides, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF-C in two breast cancer cells were significantly reduced, and the expression level of p-STAT3 was also significantly reduced. The expression levels of p-STAT3 and VEGF-C in the Crocin+Colivelin group were restored to levels close to that of the control group, and were significantly higher than those in the Crocin group. Conclusion : Crocin can inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, and it inhibits the expression of VEGF-C in breast cancer cells by down-regulating STAT3.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 500-505. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.007
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    Objective : To investigate the effects of Ophiopogonin B (OPB) on the migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cervical cancer cells by regulating the neurogenic gene homologous protein (Notch)/zinc finger transcription factor (Snail) signaling pathway. Methods : The CCK8 method was applied to detect the survival rate and half-inhibitory concentration(IC50) of human cervical cancer SiHa cells with different concentrations of OPB. SiHa cells were separated into six groups : SiHa group (control), L-OPB group (5 μmol/L OPB), M-OPB group (10 μmol/L OPB), H-OPB group( 20 μmol/L OPB), Jagged 1 group( H-OPB+Notch1 signal activator Jagged 1), and DAPT group( H-OPB+Notch signal inhibitor DAPT). Each group was treated for 24 hours. CCK8 method was used to analyze cell proliferation, scratch test to analyze migration, transwell experiment to analyze invasion, flow cytometry to analyze apoptosis, and immunoblotting to detect the expression of EMT and Notch/Snail pathway proteins. The tumor volume and mass of the control group (saline administration) and the OPB group (OPB administration) were compared by cervical cancer mouse model. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the expression of Notch and Snail in tumors. Results : Compared with the SiHa group, the cell viability, clone count, migration distance percentage, and invasion number in the L-OPB group, M-OPB group, and H-OPB group decreased sequentially, while the apoptosis rate increased sequentially. Compared with the H-OPB group, the cell viability, clone count, migration distance percentage, and invasion number in the Jagged 1 group increased, while the apoptosis rate decreased ; the cellviability, clone count, migration distance percentage, and invasion number in the DAPT group decreased, while the apoptosis rate increased. Compared with the SiHa group, the expression of E-cadherin in the L-OPB group, M-OPB group, and H-OPB group increased sequentially, while the expression of vimentin, Notch, claudin-1, Snail, and N-cadherin decreased sequentially. Compared with the H-OPB group, the expression of vimentin, Notch, claudin-1, Snail, and N-cadherin in Jagged 1 group increased, while the expression of E-cadherin decreased ; the expression of E-cadherin in DAPT group increased, while the expression of vimentin, Notch, claudin-1, Snail, and N-cadherin decreased. Compared with the control group, the tumor volume, weight, and the positive expression rates of Notch and Snail were reduced in the OPB group. Conclusion : OPB may inhibit the migration, invasion, and EMT of cervical cancer cells, which may be related to the inactivation of the Notch/Snail pathway.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 506-511. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.008
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    Objective : To investigate the effects and mechanism of Wogonoside on the activation of human hepatic stellate cells. Methods : Hepatic stellate cells LX-2 were cultured in vitro, and 5 μg/L TGF-β1 was used to induce LX-2 cells to establish a model of hepatic stellate cell activation. The TGF-β1-induced LX-2 cells were treated with 2–32 μmol/L Wogonoside. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method to determine the optimal drug concentration. The LX-2 cells were divided into control group, TGF-β1 group, Wogonoside drug groups (with concentrations of 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μmol/L, respectively), and Wogonoside+PI3K activator group( 16.0 μmol/L Wogonoside+P740Y-P). The apoptosis of LX-2 cells and the protein expressions of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅱ, phosphorylated inositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), phosphorylated p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p-p70S6K) protein were detected. Results : The Wogonoside could obviously inhibit the proliferation of LX-2 cells induced by TGF-β1. Compared with the control group, the protein expression levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅱ, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K in the TGF-β1 group were obviously increased. Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the apoptosis rates of LX-2 cells treated with Wogonoside concentrations of 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 μmol/L were obviously increased, while the protein expression levels of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅱ, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K were obviously decreased, in a drug concentration-dependent manner. P740Y-P could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of Wogonoside on TGF-β1-induced activation of LX-2 cells. Conclusion : Wogonoside inhibits the activation and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signalingpathway.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 512-517. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.009
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    Objective : To investigate the effect of scutellarin B (SL) on sevoflurane (Sev)- induced neuroinflammation in neonatal rats by regulating the high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)-advanced glycation end product receptor(RAGE) signaling pathway. Methods : Sev-induced neurotoxicity model in the neonatal rat was established. The rats were randomly grouped into control group (NC group), sevoflurane group (Sev group), Low-dose Scutellarin B group (SL-L group), high-dose Scutellarin B group (SL-H group), high-dose Scutellarin B+pcDNA group (SL+pcDNA group) and high-dose Scutellarin B+HMGB1 overexpression (SL+HMGB1) group. Learning and memory abilities, inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), neuronal apoptosis, and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), HMGB1, and RAGE proteins in hippocampal tissue were detected. H-E staining was used to observe hippocampal tissue damage. Results : Compared with NC group, the nerve damage in Sev group was worsened, the escape latency was obviously prolonged, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, cell apoptosis rate, and the protein expressions of Iba-1, HMGB1 and RAGE were significantly increased, while the platform crossing times, platform quadrant residence time, and the protein expression of BDNF were significantly reduced. Compared with Sev group, the nerve damage in SF-L and SF-H groups was reduced, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, cell apoptosis rate, and the protein expressions of Iba-1, HMGB1 and RAGE were significantly reduced, while the platform crossing times, platform quadrant residence time, and the protein expression of BDNF were significantly increased, and there was significant difference between SL-L and SL-H groups. Comparedwith SL+pcDNA group, SL+HMGB1 group showed increased nerve damage in rats, significantly prolonged escape latency, and their levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, cell apoptosis rate, and the protein expressions of Iba-1, HMGB1, and RAGE were significantly increased, while the platform crossing times, platform quadrant residence time, and the protein expression of BDNF were significantly reduced. Conclusion : Scutellarin B reduces neuroinflammation induced by sevoflurane in neonatal rats by inhibiting the HMGB1-RAGE signaling pathway.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 518-522. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.010
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    Objective: To investigate the effects of aucubin on autophagy and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium cells induced by high glucose via regulation of Notch/Hes-1 signaling pathway. Methods : The ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cells were divided into control group, high glucose group, high glucose+low dose aucubin group, high glucose+high dose aucubin group, and high glucose+high dose aucubin+Jagged-1 group. CCK-8 assay was applied to detect cell viability. The flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342/PI staining were applied to detect cell apoptosis rate and morphology. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes in cells. Western blotting was adopted to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins (LC3Ⅱ /LC3Ⅰ, p62), apoptosis associated proteins (Bax, Bcl-2), and Notch/Hes-1 signaling pathway-related proteins in ARPE-19 cells. Results : Compared with the control group, the OD450 value (24, 48 h), number of autophagosomes, the expression of Bcl-2, LC3Ⅱ /LC3Ⅰ proteins in ARPE-19 cells in the high glucose group were obviously reduced, while the apoptosis rate, the number of ARPE-19 cells with nuclear pyknosis, and the expression of Bax, p62, Notch, and Hes-1 proteins were obviously increased. Compared with the high glucose group, the OD450 value (24, 48 h), number of autophagosomes, the expression of Bcl-2, LC3Ⅱ /LC3Ⅰ proteins in ARPE-19 cells in the high glucose+low-dose aucubin group and the high glucose+high-dose aucubin group were obviously increased, while the apoptosis rate, the number of ARPE-19 cells with nuclear pyknosis, and the expression of Bax, p62, Notch, and Hes-1 proteins were obviously reduced. Jagged-1 can attenuated the protective effect of aucubin on ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion : The aucubin may inhibit the apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium cells by inhibiting Notch/Hes-1 signaling pathway and promoting autophagy.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 523-527. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.011
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    Objective : To investigate the anatomical basis and clinical application experience of the vascular chain flap spanning the dorsal branch of the digital arteries. Methods : Adult upper limb specimens were injected with red latex and dissected. The external diameter, course and anastomotic branches of dorsal and webbed digital arteries were observed and measured. Skin and soft tissue defects of the fingertip pulp were repaired using a vascular chain flap based on the dorsal branches of the digital arteries, designed to span the interdigital web. Results : The origins of the dorsal branches of the digital artery and the interdigital arteries were relatively consistent, located at the middle of the proximal phalanx, the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of the proximal phalanx, the middle of the middle phalanx, and on the plane of the distal interphalangeal joint. The origin of the interdigital artery was approximately 1.50 cm proximal to the distal end of the interdigital web. The cutaneous branches at the junction of the proximal and middle thirds of the proximal phalanx, and the middle of the middle phalanx, were the most consistent, with external diameters of approximately 0.30 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively. The external diameter of the communicating branch of the interdigital artery was about 0.70 mm. In 12 cases, flaps based on the dorsal branches of the digital arteries at the middle of the middle phalanx were used to repair soft tissue and nail bed defects of the distal fingertip, with the flaps crossing the interdigital web. All flaps survived. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 24 months), with the flaps demonstrating good blood supply, texture, and elasticity, along with a pleasing appearance and restoration of S3-level sensation. There was minimal damage to the donor area. Conclusion : The dorsal branches of the digital arteries is anatomically constant and reliable in blood supply. A vascular chain flap based on the dorsal branches of the digital arteries at the middle of the middle phalanx, crossing the interdigital web, can be used to repairrepair the distal phalanx pulp with nail bed defect.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 528-532. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.012
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    Animal behavior is the primary way in which the brain’s neuronal computations are externally expressed. As a science that studies animal behavior and its underlying mechanisms, ethology holds considerable importance in fields such as neuroscience and medicine. Thanks to the advancement of computer science and diversification of methods for acquiring animal behavior, deep learning has been applied to systematically process data on animal behavior and analyze the underlying patterns. Supervised or unsupervised deep learning techniques may significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of recognizing and classifying animal behavior paradigms contributing to the exploration of the biological mechanisms behind these behaviors. This review summarizes the research progress and application of deep learning in the analysis of animal behavior, aiming to provide a reference for related research and application in the field.
  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 533-534. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.013
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 535-536. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.014
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 537-539. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.015
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 539-542. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.016
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 542-545. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.017
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 545-547. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.018
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 548-550. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.019
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 550-552. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.020
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  • Chinese Journal of Anatomy. 2024, 47(6): 555-557. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1633.2024.06.022
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