With the advent of the digital information age, human anatomy has entered the stage of digital anatomy. Traditional methods of demonstrating anatomy through cadaver and models are gradually being replaced by mathematical models. Digital anatomy has changed the methods and content of anatomy education, scientific research and clinical applications. This paper reviews the development history, advantages, model construction of digital anatomy, as well as its applications in 3D visualization, new discoveries in medical morphology, medical 3D printing, digital virtual simulation, and medical education. It also offers an outlook on the future development of digital anatomy.

Objective: To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL- 10) in the placenta under high-altitude hypoxic conditions, and the effects on reproductive function and offspring development. Methods: A total of 20 female rats and 10 male rats were randomly divided into hypoxic group (simulated 6 000 m altitude in a hypobaric oxygen chamber) and normoxia group (Xining city, Qinghai province, with an average altitude of 2 200 m) with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1 per cage. The pregnancy rate of female rats in each group was recorded. On the 20th day of gestation, after a 12-hour fast, blood samples were collected from the tails of the pregnant rats to measure their fasting glucose. Blood was also taken from the abdominal aorta, and the entire uterus was excised to isolate the placenta and fetuses. The uterine weight and number of fetal rats were recorded, and the offspring malformation rate was calculated for both groups. ELISA was used to detect the serum fasting insulin level of pregnant rats, and H-E staining was used to observe the alteration of placental tissues in hypoxia. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the positive expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in the placental tissues of pregnant rats. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in placental tissues of pregnant rats. Results: Compared with the normoxia group, the hypoxia group showed significantly lower uterine weight in pregnant rats during late pregnancy, reduced fasting blood glucose and increased fasting insulin levels, lower conception rates, fewer fetuses, and a higher rate of fetal malformations. The placenta of pregnant rats in the hypoxia group was structurally incomplete, with increased distribution of blood vessels, thickened vessel wall, slow development and reduced number of chorionic villi, densely distributed intervillous blood vessels,thickened basement membrane, a small number of inflammatory cells, and blurred boundaries of thickened syncytial trophoblast. Compared with the normoxia group, the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA and protein were upregulated in the placental tissues of the hypoxia group. Conclusion: Under hypoxic conditions, the expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in the placental tissue is upregulated, which may be related to impaired reproductive function and adverse pregnancy outcomes in female rats.

Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of progesterone on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in decidual stromal cells (DSCs) through transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting (WB) were used to detect the expression level of AP-1 protein in decidual tissue of the abortion group and the control group. Early pregnancy human DSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and cells were treated with different concentrations of progesterone (0.01 μmol/L, 0.1 μmol/L, and 1 μmol/L). WB was used to detect the expression of AP-1 and p-AP-1 in DSCs. After AP-1 inhibitor SR-11302 treatment, the expression of IL-8 in the inhibitor group, progesterone group, and control group was detected by using RT-qPCR and WB. Results: The expression level of p-AP-1 protein in decidual tissue of the abortion group was higher than that of the control group; the relative expression levels of p-AP-1 protein in the 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L progesterone group were significantly lower than that in the control group; IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly lower in the progesterone group compared with the control group, and were further reduced in the progesterone+SR-11302 group compared with the progesterone group; compared with the control group, the relative expression levels of IL-8 and p-AP-1 proteins in the progesterone group were reduced, and compared with the progesterone group, the relative expression levels of IL-8 and p-AP-1 proteins in the progesterone+SR-11302 group were also reduced. Conclusions: Progesterone downregulates the expression of IL-8 in DSCs via AP-1, offering a theoretical basis for its use in preventing and treating early spontaneous abortion induced by abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is one of the type Ⅰ PRMT family members which catalyzes the monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on protein substrates. It has a catalytic structure that is not completely identical to other type Ⅰ PRMT family members, and exhibits differences in catalytic substrates. An increasing number of studies have reported that PRMT6 not only plays an important role in the tumor process, but also serves as a regulator in the inflammatory process. This article aims to review the catalytic structure and function of PRMT6, as well as the research progress on its role in both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses in organs.

Vitamin D deficiency is becoming increasingly common and has emerged as a globally concerned public health issue, especially among people living in high-altitude areas and among Caucasians. Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin for the human body, primarily obtained through two main sources. Most of the vitamin D is synthesized in the skin after ultraviolet irradiation, and the other part can be obtained from the diet. Vitamin D itself is not biologically active. After two hydroxylation processes in the body, it produces bioactive calcitriol (1, 25 (OH)2D3), which acts on target organs or tissues and participates in a variety of biological reactions in the body. The reactions include the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, immune response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In recent years, more and more scholars in China and beyond have found that vitamin D is closely related to human fertility, pregnancy, and lactation. This article reviews the recent advances in research on the role of vitamin D in fertility and pregnancy.

Objective ： To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Wogonoside (WO) on hepatic injury induced by high-fat diet in diabetic rats. Methods ： A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group (DM) and three drug administration groups (DM+WO 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg). The diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. Total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and lipid metabolism-related proteins in liver tissues were determined by Western blotting. H-E staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of liver. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was assessed by TUNEL staining. Results ： Compared with the control group, the rats in the DM group showed typical symptoms of diabetes (frequent urination, thirst, hunger, and weight loss) and hepatic pathological injury. Compared with the DM group, the levels of biochemical indicators such as AST, ALT, TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA were obviously decreased in the drug administration groups, while the levels of HDL-C and SOD were obviously increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in liver tissue were significantly reduced, while the expression levels of c-Myc and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were significantly elevated in the drug administration groups. The histopathological morphology of the liver was improved and the apoptosis of liver cells was reduced in the three WO treatment group, among which only a small number of apoptotic cells were observed in DM+WO 8 mg/kg group. Conclusion ： WO has a certain protective effect on liver injury induced by high-fat diet in diabetic rats.

Pain is a complex physiological and pathological phenomenon， governed by numerous biological processes and signaling pathways. Recent research identified lipid metabolism abnormalities and inflammatory responses as crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain. The regulation of inflammatory response by lipid metabolism exerts a profound influence on pain management. This review delves into the dynamics between lipid metabolism and inflammation in pain， examining their effects on its development and resolution, including the nociceptive sensitization and the involvement of microglial cells in these processes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on osteoporosis. Method: Forty mice were evenly divided into sham operation group, osteoporosis model group, osteoporosis model+MSCs group, and osteoporosis model+MSCs+SHP2 shRNA group. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometer was used to detect mouse bone density. The trabecular bone tissue of mice was stripped, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H-E) staining, observed under a microscope, and photographed for records. In vitro experiments, MSCs were divided into NC group, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) group, BMP2+SHP2 mimic group, BMP2 stimulation+SHP2 mimic group. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were conducted. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SHP2, ERK, and cyclin D1 proteins in MSCs cells. Additionally, Western blotting was used to detect osteoblast markers in MSCs. Result: Osteoporotic mice treated with MSCs showed significant improvement in their condition. The H-E staining results showed that the bone trabeculae in the sham group were normal, while those in the Model group were extremely poor. The bone trabeculae in the Model+MSCs group showed a significant increase compared with the Model group. The bone trabeculae in the Model+MSCs+SHP2 shRNA group was worse than those in the Model+MSCs group. CCK-8 and colony formation assays showed that the NC group had less proliferation of MSCs, while the BMP2 stimulation group had more cell proliferation. The BMP2 stimulation+SHP2 shRNA group had slightly less cell proliferation than the BMP2 stimulation group. After adding BMP2, the shRNA transfection of SHP2 in MSCs can inhibit the expression of ERK, cyclin D1 and osteoblast markers. SHP2 in MSCs was transfected with mimic can promote the expression of ERK, cyclin D1, andosteoblast markers. Conclusion: Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in MSCs can promote MSCs cell proliferation and treat osteoporosis by activating the ERK/cycli D1 signaling pathway.

为了解决传统人体骨标本脱脂技术的环保性和安全性问题。选取3 副青壮年人骨（40 岁左右）和3 副老年 人骨（65 岁左右），并分组。同一号骨左侧长骨采用传统方法脱脂；右侧长骨采用骨标本钻孔、恒温（35℃）浅 层脱脂、负压及超声波深层脱脂、乙醇巩固脱脂4 个脱脂步骤进行创新技术脱脂。对每个步骤进行脱脂率检测， 并与传统脱脂技术效果进行对比，以观察创新技术的脱脂效果是否达标。结果显示，6 副骨传统脱脂方法和创新 脱脂技术的脱脂率差异无统计学意义，表明创新脱脂技术能够达到传统方法的脱脂效果，并且提升了脱脂技术的 环保性和安全性。

为深化高等教育教学改革、提升医学人才培养质量，融合式实验教学模式成为医学形态学教学改革的重要 方向。以南京医科大学组织学与胚胎学实验课程为例，通过整合线上线下教学优势，设计覆盖实验教学全程的教 学方案，创新性地融合多种教学方式，构建基础实验教学与临床、科研深度融合的模式，着力提升学生自主学习 能力与问题解决能力。该模式以学生为中心，以教师为主导，注重学生综合能力培养。实践证明，该模式有效提 高了教学质量，学生反馈良好，为培养高素质创新型医学人才奠定了坚实基础。

Objective: To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule antisense 1 (DSCAM-AS1) on liver cancer activity and chemotherapy resistance by regulating the miR- 431-5p/sex determining gene box 9 (SOX9) axis. Methods: qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of DSCAM-AS1, miR-431-5p, and SOX9 mRNA in liver cancer tissue, liver cancer cells, and HepG2/CDDP resistant cells. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, Bax, SOX9. Functional assays included MTT for cell viability, flow cytometry for apoptosis. Bioinformatics, dual luciferase assay, pull down assay, and RIP assay were applied to validate the targeting relationship between DSCAM-AS1, SOX9, and miR-431-5p. Results: DSCAM-AS1 and SOX9 were highly expressed in liver cancer tissues and cells, while miR-431-5p was low expressed. compared with HepG2 cells, the expression of DSCAM-AS1 and SOX9, and the cell viability in HepG2/CDDP cells were significantly increased, while the expression of miR-431-5p was reduced. Silencing DSCAM-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and HepG2/CDDP cells, induced apoptosis, and reduced drug resistance of HepG2/CDDP cells, while inhibiting miR-431-5p weakened the inhibitory effect of silencing DSCAM-AS1 on HepG2 and HepG2/CDDP cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and promoted drug resistance in HepG2/CDDP cells. Bioinformatics, dual luciferase assay, pull down assay, and RIP assay confirmed the targeting relationship between DSCAM-AS1, SOX9, and miR-431-5p. Conclusion: Silencing DSCAMAS1 may inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and reduce drug resistance in HepG2/CDDPcells by regulating the miR-431-5p/SOX9 axis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of puerarin on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of ovarian cancer Caov3 cells by regulating tumor immune microenvironment. Methods: Caov3 cells were treated with supernatants from THP-1 cells treated with different concentrations of puerarin. CCK8 assay was used to detect the growth of ovarian cancer cells. ELISA was utilized to detect the content of interleukin (IL) 4, IL-10, and IL-6. RTPCR was adopted to detect the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-6. Colony formation assay was adopted to detect the number of cell colonies. Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell apoptosis. Western blotting was adopted detect the expression of apoptosis marker proteins (caspase-3, caspase-9). Transwell chamber was employed detect cell invasion. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of invasion-related proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor, fibronectin, vimentin). Results: Compared with the control group, when the puerarin concentration was 10 μmol/L, the viability of ovarian cancer Caov3 cells was significantly inhibited. Compared with the 0 μmol/L group, the levels and mRNA expression of IL-6, as well as the apoptosis rate, were significantly increased, while clone formation rate, number of invasion cells, and invasion-re lated protein expression were all significantly reduced. The results for IL-4 and IL-10 were opposite. Conclusion: Puerarin modulates tumor immune microenvironment to inhibit the growth and invasion of ovarian cancer Caov3 cells and to promote their apoptosis, thereby alleviating the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer tumors.

以消化腺“肝”为例，探讨人体解剖学课程思政教学效果，为人体解剖学课程思政教学改革提供实质性依据。 选取2021 级临床医学专业1、2 班共63 名学生作为研究对象，在教学各环节中深入挖掘、提炼思政元素并进行应用， 开展课前思政教育宣讲、课中实践、课后拓展等活动，并对授课前后情况进行统计分析。结果显示，与课前相比， 授课后愿意学习急救知识的学生人数显著增多，对生命的珍惜意愿显著增强，愿意戒酒及劝身边人戒酒的人数显 著增多。结果表明，将理想信念、健康中国及生命教育等思政元素恰当融入专业课程教学中，可以提升学生的个 人生活品质和职业素养，有益于学生生命价值体系的建构。

目的：系统分析精神分裂症及孤独症患者利手的分布特点，探讨利手左移现象与精神发育异常的相关性。 方法：检索中国知网、万方医学数据库、维普期刊服务平台、PubMed 数据库等公开发表的利手与精神分裂症和 孤独症相关文献(1976 年—2022 年)。利用Stata 14 软件对纳入的研究做异质性检验及合并后结果分析，漏斗图和 Egger 检验评估发表偏倚，敏感性分析评估研究的稳定性，Meta 回归检验影响文章异质性的来源。SPSS 26.0 进 行聚类分析和χ2 检验，探索不同人群非右利手分布可能的遗传学差异。结果： 共纳入符合要求的29 项研究，包含 5 950 例精神分裂症患者及其对照24 725 人；孤独症患者94 人及其对照331 人。荟萃分析结果显示，精神分裂症 组及孤独症组非右利手比率均显著高于对照组；男性精神分裂症患者非右利手比率显著高于对照组；孤独症组非 右利手比率显著高于精神分裂症组及对照组，对照组非右利手比率最低。结论：利手在精神分裂症和孤独症中均 出现明显左移现象，在精神分裂症中男性较女性更为明显，有望成为筛选精神发育异常类疾病的宏观生物学标记。

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of betulinic acid (BA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Methods: The viability of A2780 cells treated with different concentrations of betulinic acid (5–80 μmol/L) for 24 hours was assessed by using the CCK-8 assay. The effects of BA on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation were detected under treatment with 0, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L of BA for 24 h. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) subtype involved in ovarian cancer was predicted by Oncomine, and the mRNA levels of TGF-β2 in A2780 cells treated with BA (0, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L) for 24 hours were measured. A2780 cells were divided into control group, 10 μmol/L BA group, and 10 μmol/L BA+2 ng/mL TGF-β2 group to determine whether TGF-β2 could reverse the effect of BA on epithelial mesenchymal transformation, invasion, migration and drug resistance in A2780 cells. Results: BA decreased the cell viability of A2780 with an IC50 of 37.8 μmol/L. Compared with 0 μmol/L BA group, the expression of E-cadherin was increased, while N-cadherin, Vimentin were significantly decreased in the 10 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L BA groups. Oncomine prediction results showed significant differences in both DNA copy numbers and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2 between ovarian cancer and normal tissue. Compared with 0 μmol/L BA group, the expression of TGF-β2 were significantly decreased in the 5, 10, 20 μmol/L BA groups. Compared with the 10 μmol/L BA group, the 10 μmol/L BA +2 ng/mL TGF- β2 group had decreased E-cadherin, increased protein expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, MMP-2, MMP-9, Smad2, Smad3, along with increased numbe r of invaded cells, enhanced wound healing rate, and improved viability of cisplatin-treated cells. Conclusion: BA may exert its anti-tumor effects by inhibiting the TGF-β2-associated EMT signaling, thereby reducing the invasion, migration, and drug resistance of A2780 ovarian cancer cells.

Objective: To investigate whether forkhead box A1 (FoxA1) could promote high expression of Yesassociated protein (YAP) in esophageal cancer and subsequently promote cancer progression by activating cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) via the Src homology 2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) pathway. Methods: A total of 10 cases of esophageal cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues with complete clinical data from May 2021 to September 2021 were collected from Yancheng Tinghu People’s Hospital were collected. H-E staining was used to determine the pathological changes of esophageal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate the expressions of FoxA1 and YAP in esophageal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. KYSE150 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: FoxA1-NC group (control group for FoxA1 interference), FoxA1-siRNA group (FoxA1 interference group), DMSO solvent group (DMSO added to the culture medium), and PH PS1 inhibitor group (SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 added to the culture medium). Western blotting was to measure the expression levels of FoxA1, p-SHP2, p-CREB and YAP protein in KYSE150 cells. Cell scratch assay, Transwell assay, and monoclonal proliferation assay were used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of KYSE150 cells, respectively. Results: Compared with the adjacent normal tissues, esophageal cancer tissues exhibited pathological changes such as mucosal hyperemia, dark color, disrupted epithelial tissue structure, and increased cell number. In addition, the levels of FoxA1, p-SHP2, p-CREB and YAP proteins in the esophageal cancer tissues were significantly increased. The results of in vitro experiments showed that, in in vitro experiments, both FoxA1-siRNA and the PHPS1 inhibitor significantly reduced the levels of p-SHP2, p-CREB, and YAP proteins in KYSE150 cells, as well asthe cells’ abilities to proliferate, migrate, and invade. However, only FoxA1-siRNA was able to significantly decrease the FoxA1 protein level. Conclusion: FoxA1 promotes the progression of esophageal cancer by activating CREB via the SHP2 pathway, leading to high expression of YAP.

为了利用评价促进学生学习，将基于背景- 输入- 过程- 结果（CIPP）模型构建的课堂学习评价融于组织学 与胚胎学理论课教学中，探讨其可行性及应用效果。选取本校2020 级临床医学专业五年制学生126 个为研究对象， 采取自身前- 后对照的研究方法。课程前半程采用传统讲授法（ 对照教学法），后半程采用融入了CIPP 课堂评价 的讲授法（CIPP 教学法），通过期末试卷成绩和问卷调查评价教学效果，组间比较采用t 检验。结果显示，期末 试卷分析显示, 后半程章节相关试题（ 采用CIPP 教学法）的主观题得分率（0.80±0.07）和前半程章节相关试题（ 采 用对照教学法）的得分率（0.75±0.10）差异无统计学意义。问卷调查结果显示, 学生认为CIPP 教学法对课堂学习 有帮助的占91.0%, 愿意教师继续使用CIPP 教学法的占72.0%。在理论课讲授时有机融入基于CIPP 的学习评价， 在操作上可行, 其促进课堂学习的效果，也被学生认可。

本文通过对中国大陆地区医学院校的人体解剖 学实验教学基本条件进行调查，旨在分析存在的问题，提出改进建议。以问卷形式通过网络进行调查。调查获得了81 所医学院校人体解剖学实验教学基本条件和实验 技术人员现状基本资料，并进行统计分析。结果显示，中国大陆地区人体解剖学实验室条件建设虽然有一个快速 发展时期，但仍然存在发展不平衡问题；实验材料获取存在诸多困难，一线城市和二、三线城市院校比较各地区 间差异较大；数字组织和数字人体应用的普及不均衡。我国大陆地区人体解剖学实验室建设和实验教学发展不平 衡，在教学环境建设、尸体材料收集、数字人体辅助教学等多方面还需努力。

随着信息技术的快速发展，微信公众平台已成为教育领域的重要辅助工具。笔者创新性地打造学研解剖微 信公众平台，作为线上人体解剖学课程思政教学的重要载体，不仅传授专业知识，更深入挖掘并传播人体解剖学 课程所蕴含的丰富思政元素，最终形成基于微信公众平台的人体解剖学课程思政体系，并将其应用于教学实践中， 以期实现专业知识传授与价值引领的深度融合，为医学教育乃至更广泛学科领域的课程思政实践提供参考。

探索大学社团活动对大学生课程学习的积极作用和意义。学生社团活动是大学生学习生活重要的组成部分。 复旦大学医学院的学生成立了可视化协会，该协会是利用计算机图形和图像处理技术，将数据、内容等信息转换 成图形或图像，在课后学习医学插画、论文配图和医学3D模型，从而帮助和提升医学生对医学形态学知识的掌 握与认知的全新社团。社团活动匹配人体形态学课程，开展线上可视化绘画课程活动。在进行了10 余场，174 人 次的活动后进行了案例分析，问卷调查。调查结果显示, 社团活动的课程可帮助会员更好地掌握医学专业知识。 课程培训中对结构的观察与绘图使得学生对人体器官的结构、毗邻关系以及疾病后的形态变化有了具象化的理解 和更正确的认知，同时提升了自学能力和语言表达能力。由此可见，可视化协会社团活动可以成为形态学课程课 后学习的有效补充，提高医学生的学习质量。

The application and development of minimally invasive technologies such as laparoscopy have increasingly brought the anatomy of the inguinal region's fascia and spaces into clinical focus. However， current knowledge of the structures and layers in this region， as well as their connections with the anterior and posterior abdominal walls and pelvic walls， is still somewhat vague and controversial. From the perspectives of anatomy， embryonic development， and clinical application， this article attempts to explore the structures of the inguinal region's fascia and spaces， such as the transversalis fascia， preperitoneal fascia， Bogros space， and Retzius space. This exploration helps to clarify their existence and embryonic origins in the abdominal wall， and to specify their regional characteristics as local representations of the entire abdominal（ pelvic） wall， providing valuable insights for clinical practice.

Animal behavior is the primary way in which the brain’s neuronal computations are externally expressed. As a science that studies animal behavior and its underlying mechanisms， ethology holds considerable importance in fields such as neuroscience and medicine. Thanks to the advancement of computer science and diversification of methods for acquiring animal behavior， deep learning has been applied to systematically process data on animal behavior and analyze the underlying patterns. Supervised or unsupervised deep learning techniques may significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of recognizing and classifying animal behavior paradigms contributing to the exploration of the biological mechanisms behind these behaviors. This review summarizes the research progress and application of deep learning in the analysis of animal behavior， aiming to provide a reference for related research and application in the field.

Objective ： To explore a rapid isolation and culture method for rat pulmonary fibroblasts（PFs）， providing more scientific and convenient technical support for in vitro studies of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods ： Lung tissues from newborn SD rats were dissected. Type Ⅱ collagenase/pancreatin mixed enzyme digestion method was used. Microscopic observation and analysis were conducted on the cell suspension and precipitate after each tissue digestion. The cell suspension was selectively collected， and the differential adhesion time of cells was gradient grouped to optimize the best cell adhesion time point. Coomassie brilliant blue staining was used to observe the uniformity of cell morphology. Vimentin labeling was used to identify the purity of PFs， and α-SMA labeling was used to identify the differentiation ability of cells. Cell growth curve was plotted to detect cell growth activity. Results ： After the first two 8-minute digestions， the cell suspension mainly contained blood cell components， and the precipitate consisted mostly of blood clots and substantial tissue components. After the 3rd–6th digestion， the cell suspension mainly contained nucleated cell components， and the digestion solution precipitate consisted mostly of collagen， adhesive proteins， and other matrix clumps. The cell suspension from the 3rd–6th digest ion was selected for differential adhesion separation of cells. Comprehensive analysis of cell quantity and purity indicated that a 35-minute differential adhesion time was optimal， resulting in high cell viability. Cells reached logarithmic growth phase within 24 hours across the first to fourth generations. Conclusion ： Sequential enzyme digestion， selective collection of cell suspensions， and a 35-minute differential adhesion separation significantly improve the isolation of PFs.

Depression is a mental illness primarily characterized by persistent emotional lowness， which can escalate to suicidal behaviors in severe cases. The underlying mechanisms of depression are intricate and multifaceted. Recent research has solidified the role of oligodendroglia in the pathogenesis of depression， influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Drawing upon clinical data and the established link between oligodendrocyte abnormalities and depression， this article briefly summarizes the progress made in experimental studies regarding the role of oligodendroglial cells and myelin sheath abnormalities in the pathological mechanisms of depression， with the goal of offering fresh perspectives for the treatment of patients with de pression.

Objective ： This study employs a cutting-edge machine learning approach， non-negative matrix factorization （NMF）， to map personalized cerebellar functional topographies. Its objective is to investigate the topological variances within cerebellar functional networks across individuals and to explore their potential correlations with cognitive behaviors. Methods： The resting-state brain functional data of individuals were processed through the NMF technique to obtain non-negative cerebellar functional networks specific to each individual， along with their corresponding non-negative time series. Results ： The NMF technique successfully identified 17 distinct cerebellar functional networks， each exhibiting significant individual variability at the personal level. Additionally， the study developed predictive models that associated the topological features of these networks with cognitive behaviors， highlighting the heterogeneity of cerebellar functional networks among individuals. Conclusion ： This study substantiates the effectiveness of NMF in capturing individualized cerebellar functional networks and reveals substantial inter-individual differences in these networks. These insights offer novel avenues for the precise diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and contribute scientific groundwork for the formulation of future personalized neuroregulatory treatment strategies.

Objective ： To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of microglial repopulation on mood and cognitive impairment in adult mice following traumatic brain injury（ TBI） during adolescence. Methods ： The TBI mouse model was established using controlled cortical impact（ CCI）. Forty-eight 5-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into sham， CCI model， CCI+microglial repopulation， and CCI+microglial depletion groups， and tested in adolescence [4 days post injury (dpi)] and adulthood (21 dpi). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the effects of PLX5622 feeding on the microglia in the dentate gyrus region of hippocampus in the model group. Behavioral tests（ modified neurological severity scores， open field test， elevated O maze test， Y maze spatial recognition test） were used to assess the involvement of microglial repopulation in mood and cognitive impairment in the model group. RT-qPCR was used to measure levels of inflammatory factors and chemokines in the hippocampus of TBI mice with microglial repopulation. Result ： After two weeks of PLX5622 feeding ， the clearance rate of microglia in the brain of adolescent mice reached 99%， and microglia in hippocampal dentate gyrus region of the repopulation group showed increased branching and elongation compared with that of the model control group both in adolescence and adulthood. Microglial repopulation could reverse TBI-induced impaired neural function， spatial working memory and arepopulation could reduce the expression levels of chemokines（ CXCL1， CXCL2） and inflammatory factors（ IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α） in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult mice after TBI. Conclusion ： Microglial repopulation can alleviate the neuroinflammation in hippocampal dentate gyrus region by improving the overactivation of microglia after TBI， and then improve the neuro-function impairment， anxiety-like behavior and spatial working memory impairment induced by TBI in adolescent and adult mice.

Ischemic stroke is characterized by high mortality and disability rates， and conventional treatment approaches have limited effectiveness in improving outcomes. However， using stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for ischemic stroke as they can promote angiogenesis， regulate immune responses， inhibit cell apoptosis， reduce oxidative stress， replace damaged cells， and secrete neurotrophic factors. As a result， stem cell therapy has become a research hotspot in the field of ischemic stroke treatment. This article provides an overview of the neuroprotective effects of stem cells in treating ischemic stroke， highlights related research advancements， and aims to support further clinical research and application of st em cell therapy for ischemic stroke.

Objective ： To explore a method for creating a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction that is more suitable for beginners. Methods ： 80 SPF WT mice were randomly divided into high ligation group， middle ligation group and low ligation group. Using sutures and a lid retractor， the intercostal space was opened to expose the heart， followed by ligation of the left anterior descending artery to establish models of large， medium， and small areas of myocardial infarction. The sham group underwent the same procedure as the middle ligation group， but with no ligation. The electrocardiograms were recorded before and after ligation. One day post-surgery， five mice from each group were randomly selected for cardiac function assessment and myocardial infarction area measurement to evaluate model quality. Surgical time， post-operative condition， and mortality rates were also recorded. Results ： Except the sham surgery group， the T wave of lead Ⅱ was elevated and merged with R wave after ligation. One day post-surgery， there was no significant difference in cardiac function and myocardial infarction area within groups， but there was significant difference between groups. Within two weeks post-surgery， four mice in the high ligation group died， while there was no death in the other groups. The surgical time for the three ligation groups was (17±4) seconds， and the high ligation group showed poorer condition one day post-surgery. Conclusion ： This method can be completed independently by one person， yielding high model quality and survival rates. It meets the requirements for large， medium， and small area myocardial infarction models and is suitable for various levels of heart failure research. The procedure is straightforward， making it suitable for beginners and worthy of being populariz ed.

Objective ： To explore the anatomical basis of vein of Marshall （VOM） chemical ablation for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods ： Thirty-four 10% formalin-fixed adult heart specimens were selected and the VOM was dissected and statistically analyzed. Using a vernier caliper， the VOM length， the outer diameter of its end， the distance from the VOM opening to the orifice of coronary sinus， and the outer diameter of the coronary sinus and the outer diameter of the coronary sinus at the point where the VOM converges were measured. The length of the coronary sinus and its longitudinal and transverse diameters， as well as the angle between the VOM and the coronary sinus， were measured. Results ： The VOM length was（ 32.53±11.72） mm. The outer diameter of the end of VOM was（ 1.82±0.50） mm， and the proportion of cases that could be accessed using a 5F JR4 guiding catheter was 60.71%. The distance from the VOM opening to the orifice of the coronary sinus was（ 36.21±11.57） mm. The outer diameter at the point where the VOM converges with the coronary sinus was（ 7.42±2.09） mm. The angle between the VOM and the coronary sinus was (43.98±15.75)°. The length of the coronary sinus was（ 61.84±15.37） mm， with a longitudinal diameter of the sinus orifice being（ 12.61± 3.15） mm， and a transverse diameter of（ 8.07±2.25） mm. The differences between the longitudinal diameter and the transverse diameter of the coronary sinus orifice， as well as the outer diameter at the point where the VOM converges with the coronary sinus， were statistically significant. The differences between the lengths of the coronary sinus and the distance from the VOM opening to the coronary sinus orifice were also statistically significant. The other items showed no statistically significant differences in comparison between genders. Conclusion ： This study measured the length and outer diameter of VOM at a gross anatomical level，providing morphological references for the application of VOM chemical ablation therapy in treating persistent atrial fib rillation.

Silent information regulator 2 proteins, or sirtuins（Sirtuins） are integral to in a variety of cell biological processes， including energy metabolism， apoptosis and senescence. Recent studies have shown that among the sirtuin family， member Sirtuins3（ SIRT3） is closely associated with the onset and progression of periodontitis， a common oral disease hallmarked by chronic inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. SIRT3 may influence the pathogenesis and progression of periodontitis by regulating processes such as inflammatory response， apoptosis and bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. This review the relationship between SIRT3 and periodontitis and focuses on the mechanisms of SIRT3-inflammation interactions and the signaling pathways involve d.