The compilation of the 9th edition of the national planning textbook Systematic Anatomy published byPeople's Health Press was aimed at being the core carrier of education and teaching activities. It was characterizedby keeping in mind the original aspiration， inheritance and development. The color illustrations that replaced theoriginal black and white line drawing， appeared with a new look， forming distinct features and being more adaptableto anatomy teaching characterized by morphology. The readability and applicability were improved. The textbook alsoincluded digital construction， allowing students to study independently during their free time and learn accordingto their aptitude. The serialized construction of supporting teaching materials was designed to cultivate students'comprehensive ability. This textbook has become an effective molecule in the growth soil of medical students andtrained high-level medical talents， thus won the second prize of the first National Excellent Textbook ConstructionAward in 2021.

Objective ： To explore the effect and potential mechanism of hesperidin on pulmonary inflammatoryfactors and cell apoptosis in mycoplasma pneumonia mice. Methods ： Ninety mice were randomly divided into sixgroups ： normal control group， mycoplasma pneumonia model group， low-dose hesperidin group（ 80.0 mg/kg），medium-dose hesperidin group （160.0 mg/kg）， high-dose hesperidin group （320.0 mg/kg），and positive controlgroup （azithromycin 22.5 mg/kg）. Except for the normal control group， the mice model of mycoplasma pneumoniawas established by nasal inoculation of mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in other groups. After each group'streatment， the moisture content of lung tissue was measured using a wet/dry （W/D） ratio. The lung functionanalysis system was applied to measure resting ventilation， airway resistance， and lung volume. H-E staining wasused to detect the pathological injury of lung tissue. The levels of interleukin（ IL）-6， IL-1β， and tumor necrosisfactor-α（TNF-α） in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（ BALF） were detected by ELISA. The numbers of white bloodcells， macrophages， neutrophils and lymphocytes in BALF were detected by automatic blood cell analyzer. TUNELstaining was used to measure the apoptosis rate of lung tissue. The protein expression levels of Bax， Bcl-2， toll likereceptor 4（TLR4）， MyD88， p-NF-κB p65， and NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blotting. Results ：Comparedwith the mycoplasma pneumonia model group， the W/D ratio of hesperidin medium and high dose groups andpositive control group were decreased， resting ventilation， airway resistance and lung volume were increased，lunghistopathological injury was significantly improved， the levels of IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF were decreased，and the numbers of total white blood cells， macrophages， neutrophils， and lymphocytes in BALF were decreased.The apoptosis rate and the protein expression level ofBax/Bcl-2 were decreased， and the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κBp65 were decreased， and all the differences werestatistically significant. Conclusion ：Hesperidin can improve lung inflammation and inhibit apoptosis of lung tissue in mice with mycoplasma pneumonia ， which may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Objective ： To analyze the morphology of maxillary sinus floor and the location of maxillary sinus septa in cone-beam CT（ CBCT） on coronal and sagittal orientations. Methods： The morphology of maxillary sinus floor and the location of maxillary sinus septa were collected and analyzed in CBCT. Results ： Most of the morphology of maxillary sinus floor were slope type and flat type for the right maxillary first and second premolar region in a sagittal orientation （55.80%， 53.40%） and concave type for those oriented coronally（84.80%， 61.30%）. Most of the morphology of maxillary sinus floor was flat type for the right maxillary first and second molar region in a sagittal orientation （74.90%， 69.80%） and flat type for those oriented coronally（ 61.40%， 64.30%）. Most of the morphology of maxillary sinus floor were slope type and flat type for the left maxillary first and second premolar region in a sagittal orientation（ 52.60%， 53.60%） and concave type for those oriented coronally （71.90%， 50.30%）. Most of the morphology of maxillary sinus floor was flat type for the left maxillary first and second molar region in a sagittal orientation（ 77.20%， 67.50%） and flat type for those oriented transversely（ 58.70%， 64.90%）. Maxillary sinus septa were found in 33.44% of patients. Conclusions ： The morphology of maxillary sinus floor and the location of maxillary sinus septa were measured and provide a reference for the maxillary sinus elevation procedures.

This article highlights the extreme importance of moral education based on the study of Xi Jinping's speech at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Higher Education. The author shares insights from their teaching experience, discussing five aspects: using human evolution to help students establish a materialistic view of history, using the development history of anatomy to strengthen cultural confidence, using the patriotism of anatomists as good material for patriotic education, learning epistemology from morphological differences among individuals, and cultivating scientific spirit in anatomy teaching. Moral education has great potential in anatomy classroom teaching, and professional classes should be fully utilized to promote moral education. Teachers should serve as role models, impart knowledge, educate people, and wholeheartedly implement the Party's educational policies to contribute to the cultivation of socialist builders and successors.

Objective ： To explore effect of p27kip1 activated by long noncoding RNA（LncRNA） BC002811 on the activity and interstitial transformation of gastric cancer cells. Methods ： Fifty surgical resection samples of primary gastric cancer in our hospital were collected，and the relative expression of BC002811 was detected by TaqMan RNA kit. HGC-27 cells were cultured and transfected into the HGC-27 group （HGC-27 cells without transfection）， BC002811-NC group （HGC-27 cells+BC002811 siRNA-NC）， BC002811 group （HGC-27 cells + BC002811 siRNA）， HGC-27 group， empty vector group （HGC-27 cells+p27kip1 empty plasmid）， p27kip1 group （HGC-27 cells+p27kip1 plasmid）；HGC-27 group， BC002811+empty vector group （HGC-27 cells transfected with BC002811+p27kip1 empty plasmid）， and BC002811+p27kip1 group （HGC-27 cells transfected with BC002811+p27kip1）. The invasion and metastasis of HGC-27 cells in each group detected by Transwell. The expression of vimentin and E-cadherin protein was detected by Western blotting， and the expression of BC002811 and p27kip1 was detected by qRT-PCR. Results ： Compared with the gastric cancer tissue， the expression of BC002811 in the paracancerous tissue was decreased significantly. Compared with the HGC-27 group， the invasion， migration and E-cadherin expression of HGC-27 cells in BC002811 group were significantlydecreased， while vimentin expression was increased. There was no difference between the HGC-27 group and BC002811-NC group. Compared with the HGC-27 group， the invasion， migration and E-cadherin expression of HGC-27 cells in the p27kip1 group were significantly decreased， while the vimentin expression was increased. There was no difference between the HGC-27 group and the empty verctor group. Compared with HGC-27 group，HGC-27 cell invasion，migration and E-cadherin expression were significantly decreased in BC002811+empty vector group， while vimentin expression was increased. Compared with BC002811+empty vector group，HGC-27 cell invasion， migration and E-cadherin in BC002811+p27kip1 group were significantly decreased， while vimentin expression was increased. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed that BC002811 was negatively correlated with vimentin expression during HGC-27 cell invasion and migration. BC002811 was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression， and vimentin expression was negatively correlated with E-cadherin expression. Conclusion ： In gastric cancer， BC002811-siRNA activates the level of p27kip1， inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of stromal transition protein expression of gastric cancer cells.

Objective ：By measuring the anatomical parameters of normal adult femur， especially the medial femoral neck， the results provide a benchmark for the design of internal fixation suitable for the anatomical characteristics of Chinese femur. Methods ： A total of 76 normal Chinese femoral specimens were studied， which were measured by the manual direct measurement and X-ray based AutoCAD software. The measurement indicators included the longitudinal diameter of lesser trochanter， the transverse diameter of lesser trochanter， the height of lesser trochanter， the azimuth angle of lesser trochanter of femur α， the supero-inferior diameter of femoral neck， the femoral neck β （near）， γ （near）， δ （near）， femoral neck middle divergence angle β （middle）， γ （middle）， δ（ middle）， femoral neck distal divergence angle β（ far）， γ（ far）， δ（ far）， femoral length， femoral head diameter， femoral head length， head/neck ratio. Results ： There was no statistically significant difference in the measurement results between the two methods of direct measurement and X-ray based AutoCAD software measurement. The femur length was （38.65±2.25）cm. The femoral head diameter was （4.27±0.38）cm. The long diameter of femoral head was（3.35±0.48）cm. The azimuth angle α of lesser trochanter was （35.00±6.00）°. The longitudinal diameter of lesser trochanter was （2.39±0.33）cm. The transverse diameter of lesser trochanter was（1.46±0.24）cm. The height of lesser trochanter was （1.37±0.20）cm. The length of the lower edge line of the femoral neck was （2.27±0.43）cm. The head/neck ratio was 1.39±0.11. The femoral neck divergence angle β was nearly （90.29±13.94）°， γ nearly （45.38±7.95）°， and δ nearly （44.34±7.35）°. The femoral neck divergence angle β was in （76.27±8.85）°， γ in （52.70±7.43）°， and δ in （51.03±4.99）°. The femoral neck distal divergence angle β was far （77.44±11.63）°， γ far （51.72±8.07）°， δ far （50.84±7.10）°. Conclusion ：The AutoCAD software measurement based on X-ray is simple and reliable for measuring the anatomical parameters of femur. The measurement of medial femoral anatomical parameters provides reference data for the design of medial femoral neck internal fixation system.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and the subsequent regeneration, and functional reconstruction remain oneof the pressing challenges in neurosurgery. The clinical outcomes of its treatment have not met expectations and haveresulted in significant social and economic burdens. As a traditional Chinese medicine therapy， Acupuncture plays apositive role in the treatment of PNI. This article reviews the animal selection， Acupuncture acupoints， Acupunctureparameters， and therapeutic effects of Acupuncture in the treatment of PNI in recent years， and further summarizesthe mechanism of Acupuncture in PNI， to provide a theoretical basis for seeking better therapeutic targets andAcupuncture approaches.

Objective：To explore the expressions of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1（ SNHG1）， miR-145 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 （ADAM17） in intervertebral disc degeneration （IDD） tissues， and investigate the underlying mechanisms by which SNHG1 affects the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells through regulating miR-145/ADAM17 axis. Methods ：The expressions of SNHG1， miR-145 and ADAM17 in 30 IDD nucleus pulposus tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The relationships between SNHG1， miR-145 and ADAM17 were determined by double luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation. Interleukin（IL）-1β induced nucleus pulposus cells to establish a degenerative cell model. Following transfection with SNHG1 siRNA or miR-145 mimics， CCK-8，and flow cytometry were used to detect the changes of proliferation， apoptosis and relevant molecular expressions. Results ：Compared with the control nucleus pulposus， the expressions of SNHG1 and ADAM17 were up-regulated and miR-145 was down-regulated in IDD nucleus pulposus tissues， and they were all significantly correlated with Pfirrmann grade. SNHG1 targeted miR-145 through sponge action， and miR-145 also targeted the 3'-noncoding region （3'-UTR） of ADAM17 to inhibit the protein expression of ADAM17. Silencing of SNHG1 reversed IL-1β-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells and the synthesis of matrix enzymes （matrix metalloproteinase 13 and ADAMTS4），and up-regulated the expression of collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan. However， SNHG1 overexpression enhanced IL-1β-induced above effects. Conclusion ：SNHG1 regulates miR-145/ADAM17 molecular axis， and promotes nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation， thereby participating in the development of IDD.

Objective ： To explore the morphological changes of nerve cells in spinal cord of tadpoles after tail truncation. Methods ： H-E staining， Nissl staining， and Golgi staining of paraffin sections of tadpoles tail were used to observe the changes of the regenerative cell structure and the length of the regenerative tadpole tail. Results ： The source of cells in the regenerating tail of tadpoles was found to be mostly the proliferative differentiation of ependymal cells. A large number of cells died in the early stage of regeneration， and as proliferation and differentiation continued， axons regenerated and the tail extended and its function regained. The length of the regenerated tail was 2 mm shorter than that of the native tail. Conclusion ： Tadpoles regenerate tails that are shorter than the native tails but do not affect function， and ependymal glial cells proliferate and differentiate into neuronal cells to complete tail regeneration.

Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Medical（Hygiene） School， the predecessor of the ChinaMedical University， was the first Western medical college founded by the Communist Party of China（CPC）. As abasic， core and compulsory course of Western medical education， anatomy plays an important role in the teachingsystem of the Red Army Medical School. Based on the analysis of the existing historical documents， we explored theopening and implementation of anatomy course in the Red Army Medical School and its teaching results. It is hope that readers can perceive the hardships of the CPC in establishing medical education during the New DemocraticRevolution era，and medical workers and medical students can be inspired to inherit the revolutionary heritage andcarry forward the spirit of Red Army military doctors， contribute wisdom and strength to the construction of a healthyChina.

Objective ： To explore the effect of Canagliflozin on thoracic aorta remodeling in spontaneoushypertension rats （SHR） by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， migration， and the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system （RAAS）/ transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1） signaling pathway. Methods ：The rats were divided into normal blood pressure control group （WKY group）， SHR group, and SHR+Canagliflozingroup. Tail-cuff sphygmomanometer was used to monitor the rats tail artery blood pressure （BP）. H-E stainingwas used to evaluate the media thickness of thoracic aortic wall and the ratio of media thickness to lumen diameter.Masson staining was used to detect the degree of vascular wall fibrosis. Vascular smooth muscle cells（VSMCs）were isolated and cultured from thoracic aorta of WKY and SHR. Cells were divided into WKY group， WKY+Canagliflozin group， SHR group, and SHR+Canagliflozin group. Scratch assay was conducted to evaluate cellmigration， while CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. The expressions of alpha-smooth muscleactin（α-SMA）， secreted phosphoprotein 1 （SPP1），collagen type Ⅰ alpha （Col1a）， collagen type Ⅲ alpha（Col3a）， angiotensinogen （AGT）， angiotensin Ⅱreceptor 1 （AGTR1） and TGF-β1 were detected byreal-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results ： After eight weeks of canagliflozinadministration， compared with the SHR group， the blood pressure， thoracic aortic media thickness， mediathickness/lumen diameter ratio， and collagen deposition degree in the SHR+Canagliflozin group were decreased.The proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs in SHR group was significantly enhanced compared with that inWKY group， the expression of α-SMA was decreased， and the expression of SPP1， Col1a， Col3a， AGT， AGTR1and TGF-β1 were increased. Compared with SHR group， SHR+Canagliflozin group significantly reduced theproliferation and migration capacity of VSMCs， and the expression of α-SMA was increased， and the expressionsof SPP1， Colla， Col3a， AGT， AGTR1, and TGF-β1 were decreased. Conclusion ： Canagliflozin may inhibit theproliferation and migration of hypertensive vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting RAAS/TGF-β1 signalingpathway， thereby improving aortic vascular remodeling in SHR.

Objective ：To establish the reference point of bone tissue structure data. Methods ： The normal frontal bone and femur of 10 Han，（ 30±1）-year-old males in Kunming were used to make bone grinding slices including vertical and horizontal bone slices of the frontal bone scale， and the horizontal bone slices of the middle femur. Under the optical microscope， the types of bone tissue and the number of bone cells （representing the percentage of bone tissue） were investigated at random in three visual fields of each bone slice， and the length， width and thickness of bone cells were measured. The density and compressive strength of fresh bone， defatted and dehydrated bone and calcined bone in the middle part of frontal scale were measured directly and by biomechanics measuring instrument. Results ： It was found that there were three types of bone tissue in the scale of the frontal bone ： braided bone（ 62.0%） ， lamellar bone（ 28.8%） and fascicular bone （9.2%）. Bone cells were also oblate-elliptic in shape， but were larger than those of femur， and the oval surface of braided bone cells was parallel to the surface of skull. There were three types of bone tissue in the middle part of femur including bone unit （68.5%）， interosseous plate （27.3%） and annular plate （4.2%）； the long diameter of most bone cells in femur was parallel to the central canal of bone unit. The correlation coefficient between the compressive strength and the density of fresh， defatted and dehydrated bone was 0.6074. Conclusion ：The direction and diameter of bone cells， the type and proportion of bone tissue in frontal bone and femur of a specific population are obtained， and a reference point of bone tissue structure data is established. There was a linear positive correlation between bone density and compressive strength in the middle part of frontal scale.

Objective ： To track and classify the branches of right hepatic portal vein in CT three-dimensionalreconstruction， and to explore its radiological characteristics and clinical significance. Methods ： This studyconducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent CT abdominal contrast-enhanced examinations atShandong Provincial Hospital between 2021 and 2022 due to abdominal lesions. To facilitate cross-referencing withinternational studies， the course of portal vein branches was categorized and statistically analyzed based on theclassification methods proposed by Covey et al. and Atasoy et al. Results ： There were a total of six variations in themain hepatic portal vein， including two variations in the right branch of the portal vein， with a higher variation ratecompared with previous studies. Conclusion ：Anatomical variants of the hepatic portal vein are very diverse andshow greater variability in the CT images. Knowledge of these variations characteristics is extremely important forradiological localization diagnosis and transplant surgeries.

Objective ： To investigate the effects of Wenyang Yisui decoction on knee cartilage， bone metabolismand NOX2/ROS/NF-κB level in knee osteoarthritis model rats. Methods ： Forty SPF SD male rats were randomlydivided into normal group， model group， low-dose Wenyang Yisui decoction（ low-dose） group， and high-doseWenyang Yisui decoction（ high-dose） group. Except for the normal group， 0.05 mL 20 mg/mL sodium iodoacetatewere injected into the knee cavity to establish a knee osteoarthritis modelin rats of the remaining three groups.After successful modeling， the low-dose and high-dose groups were given 6 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg Wenyang Yisuidecoction， respectively， while the normal group and model group were given the same volume of normal saline. Thehistopathologic morphology and structure of knee cartilage in each group were observed by H-E staining with lightmicroscopy. Serum bone metabolism related indexes were detected by ELISA. The level of reactive oxygen species（ROS） in knee cartilage was detected by dihydroethidium fluorescent probe. The levels of NADPH oxidase 2 （NOX2）and nuclear factor-κB（ NF-κB） in knee cartilage were determined by Western blotting. Results ： The model groupshowed reduced cartilage matrix， unclear chondrocapsule structure， reduced chondrocytes， and calcification foci atthe edge of the knee cartilage tissue. Compared with the model group， the above structural changes were significantlyimproved in the low-dose group and the high-dose group. Compared with the normal group， Mankin score in modelgroup were significantly increased， while Mankin scorein low-dose and high-dose groups were significantlydecreased compared with the model group， and highdosegroup was lower than low-dose group. Comparedwith the normal group， the serum levels of osteocalcin（ OCN） and C-terminal peptide of typeⅠ collagen（ CTX-Ⅰ）in model group were significantly decreased， while the levels of cartilage oligomerized matrix protein（ COMP）were significantly increased. Compared with the model group， the serum levels of OCN and CTX-Ⅰ in low-dose andhigh-dose groups were significantly increased， and the high-dose group was higher than the low-dose group. Thelevel of COMP in high-dose group was significantly lower than that in low-dose group. Compared with the normalgroup， ROS levels in the model group were significantly increased， while ROS levels in the low-dose and high-dosegroups were significantly decreased， and the high-dose group was lower than the low-dose group. Compared withthe normal group， NOX2 and NF-κB levels in the model group were significantly increased， while NOX2 and NF-κB levels in the low dose and high dose groups were significantl y decreased compared with the model group ， and thehigh dose group was lower than the low dose group. Conclusion ： Wenyang Yisui decoction can improve the kneecartilage and bone metabolism inkneeosteoarthritis model rats， and its mechanism may be related to the decrease ofNOX2/ROS/NF-κB level in knee cartilage tissue.

Objective ： To investigate the effect of salidroside on the malignant biological behavior of colon cancercells and its mechanism. Methods ： Different concentrations of salidroside were employed to treat colon cancercells SW480. CCK-8 was employed to detect cell viability. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell apoptosis.Transwell was used to detectinvasion. Wound scratching test was used to detect scratch healing rate. Tube formationtest was used to detect microtubuleformation. RT-qPCR combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the level of inflammatoryfactors. Western blotting was used to detect the proteinexpressive level of vascular endothelial growth factor（ VEGF）phosphorylated Janus kinase 2（ p-JAK2） andphosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（ p-STAT3）. Results ： Compared with the controlgroup， there was no significant difference in the indexes of SW480 cells in the 2.50 mmol/L salidroside group.The apoptosis rate of colon cancer cells was significantly reduced， the cell invasion and motility were significantlyreduced， the expressive level of inflammatory factors inducible nitric oxide synthase（ iNOS） and interleukin（ IL）-1β were significantly reduced， while the level of IL-10 was significantly increased. The protein expression levels ofVEGF， p-JAK2， and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced in the 5.00 mmol/L and 10.00 mmol/L salidroside groups.After adding the inhibitor FLLL32， compared with the FLLL32 group， the results of 5.00 mmol/L salidroside groupshowed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased， the cell invasion and mobility were significantly reduced，the levels of iNOS and IL-1β were significantly reduced， while the level of IL-10 was significantly increased， theprotein expression levels of VEGF，p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced. Conclusion ： Salidroside hasa regulatory effect on the malignant biological behavior of colon cancer cells， and its mechanism may be related tothe down-regulation of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation.

Human liver is an important metabolic organ， which has important functions such as digestion，absorption， and detoxification. At present， the gross anatomy of the liver has been studied thoroughly， but thestudy of microanatomy of the liver and the hepatic functional unit are stillinsufficient and controversial. This articleprovides a comprehensive review of the research progress on liver microanatomy and its functions, combiningadvancements in microanatomical techniques,livermicroanatomicalmorphology, as well as the application of 3Dprinting and virtual simulation in the field.

The propeller flap technique involves the use of a pedicle as a rotational axis, resulting in the creation oflarge and small flaps that cover recipient and donor site wounds in a manner resembling a propeller. This techniquehas gained widespread application in repairing soft tissue injuries in the foot and ankle region, owing to the distinctiveanatomical features of perforating vessels in the lower leg, particularly the posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery.By conducting an extensive review of both domestic and international literature concerning propeller flaps, this reviewpresented an overview of the development of propeller flap usage in treating soft tissue defects within the foot andankle area. Additionally, common challenges associated with flap usage in clinical settings were discussed, alongsideproposed solutions put forth by various scholars and original ideas from the author. Recent advancements in imagingand three-dimensional reconstruction technologies have led to continuous improvements in the repair techniquesinvolving perforator propeller flaps for soft tissue defects in the foot and ankle region. However, it is important tonote that instances of false positives in color Doppler ultrasound scans for perforating vessels with a higher likelihoodof vascular variations may still arise. Although solutions have been proposed to address the three primary issuesencountered during the repair process using perforator propeller flaps in the foot and ankle region, further researchis warranted to explore the synthesis of advantageous elements from different modified techniques to achieve a moreversatile flap harvesting approach. Moreover, enhancing sensory reconstruction during the repair process and resolvingthe dilemma between selecting free flaps or perforator propeller flaps, along with their respective advantages anddrawbacks, also necessitate further investigation.

Objective ： To investigate the mechanism of which calcitriol improves high altitude pulmonary edema（HAPE） in rats by inhibiting the B-cell receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B（AKT）/nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） pathway. Methods ： Male SD rats were randomly divided into normoxia， hypoxia， andhypoxia+calcitriol groups（ 0.252 μg/kg）. After continuous gavage administration for 5 days， except for the normoxiagroup， the other two groups were placed under simulated hypoxic stress at an altitude of 6 000 m for 48 h to establishthe HAPE rat model. Lung water content was determined and measured by dry and wet specific gravity methods；H-Estaining was performed to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue and inflammation score ； TUNEL methodwas used to detect apoptosis in lung tissue ； ELISA was used to detect B cell activating factor （BAFF）， tumornecrosis factor-α（ TNF-α），interleukin-6（ IL-6）， interferon-γ（ IFN-γ）， interleukin-4（ IL-4） and interleukin-10（IL-10） in lung tissue ； immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of CD21 and IκBα in lungtissue ； Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of PI3K， p-PI3K， AKT， p-AKT， NF-κB inhibitorα（ IκBα） and p-IκBα in lung tissues. Results ： Compared with the normoxic group， slight alveolar septal wideningand inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in lung tissue. Lung water content， lung tissue apoptosis， the contentof BAFF， TNF-α， IL-6， IFN-γ and the expression ofCD21， p-PI3K， p-AKT were significantly increased.The content of IL-4， IL-10 and the expression of IκBα，p-IκBα were significantly decreased in lung tissue inthe hypoxic group. Compared with the hypoxic group，inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced ； lungwater content， lung tissue apoptosis， BAFF， TNF-α， IL-6， IFN-γ content and CD21， p-PI3K， p-AKTexpressionwere significantly decreased ； IL-4， IL-10 content and IκBα， p-IκBα expression in lung tissue were significantlyncreased in the hypoxic+calcitriol group. Conclusion ：Calcitriol can inhibit HAPE inflammatory response， and itsmechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of B-cell receptor/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective ： To investigate the correlation between foot length， foot breadth， hand length， hand breadth and stature of the Gin elderly， and estimates their stature. Methods： This study adopted anthropometry. Two hundred and twenty-six Gin elderly adults （99 males and 127 females） over 60 years old were selected as the research subjects in Dongxing city， Fangchenggang city， and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Stature， foot length， foot breadth， hand length and hand breadth were measured， and the regression equations were established to estimate stature， and the hand index and foot index were calculated. Results ： The stature， foot length， foot breadth， hand length and hand breadth of the Gin elderly males were larger than those of the elderly females. According to the classification of hand index， the proportion of middle hand and extra wide hand was higher in the elderly males of Gin， and the ratio of narrow hand and extra narrow hand in the elderly females of Gin was high. The hand length， hand breadth， foot length， foot breadth and stature of the Gin elderly adults were all positively correlated， and the correlation coefficient was statistically significant. The Gin elderly used foot length to estimate the linear regression equation with the smallest standard error and the highest accuracy， and the linear regression equations were as follows ： Y=3.632X1+710.331（males）and Y=3.792X1+615.738（females）. Among the multiple linear regression equations of the four parameters for predicting the stature of the Gin elderly， the combination of hand length and foot length was the most accurate regression equation for estimating stature in female. Conclusion ： There are significant gender differences in stature， foot length， foot breadth， hand length and hand breadth of the Gin elderly. The regression equation established by the foot length is the most accurate for the Gin elderly.

Objective ：To study the role and mechanism of miR-378 in the occurrence and development ofnon-alcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH）animal model. Methods ： C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided intocontrol （normal diet） group， NASH model （high fat diet） group， miR-378 inhibitor group （high fat diet +antagomir-378） group， negative inhibitor （high-fat diet + antagomir negative control） group. Liver coefficient andhistopathological changes was observed in mice. The real-time quantitative PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to verify theexpression of miR-378 in liver tissues of mice with NASH disease. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） were measured by Olympus automatic chemical analyzer. The qRTPCRwas used to detect the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（ TNF-α）， interleukin 4（IL-4）， interleukin6（IL-6）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1） andtransforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） and collagentype l α2（Col1α2） in liver tissues. Results ：Compared with the control group， the liver coefficients of NASHmodel group and negative inhibitor group were significantly increased. Compared with the NASH model group，the liver coefficient of miR-378 inhibitor group was decreased. The structure of hepatic lobule in the NASH modelgroup was unclear， and there were obvious hepatocytenecrosis， hepatic cord disorder and inflammatory cellinfiltration. Then in the miR-378 inhibitor group， thestructure of the hepatic lobule was normal under lightmicroscope， and the hepatocytes were neatly arranged，and the fat infitration was allevuated. The expression of miR-378 in the NASH model group and in the negativeinhibitor group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Serum ALT and AST levels were significantlyhigher in NASH model group and in the negative inhibitor group than those in the control group. Compared withthe NASH model group， miR-378 inhibitor group showed a significant decrease in the serum ALT and AST levels.The expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the NASH model group and in the negative inhibitor group weresignificantlyhigher than those in the control group， while IL-4 was significantly decreased， and the difference in MCP-1 was notstatistically significant. Compared with the NASH model group and in the negative inhibitor group， the expression ofTNF-α and IL-6 in the miR-378 inhibitor group was decreased significantly and IL-4 was increased significantly. Theexpression of TGF-β and Col1α2 was significantly higher in the NASH model group and the negative inhibitor groupthan those in the control group. In comparison to the NASH model group，the miR-378 inhibitor group showed asignificant decrease in the expression levels of TGF-β and Col1α2. Conclusion ： MiR-378 may be a risk factor forNASH. Therefore， inhibiting the expression of miR-378 is beneficial for shortening the course and treatment ofNASH disease， providing a new potential therapeutic target for NASH.

Objective ： To explore the relationship between stature and hand measurements. Method ： Stature， handlength and hand width were taken from a study sample consisting of 650 randomly selected subjects（ 327 male and423 female） form Business College of Zhengzhou Technology and Business University. Correlation and regressionanalyses were performed on the measurement data. Results ： All the hand measurements of both sexes exhibitedpositive and statistically significant correlation coefficients with stature（ r=0.319-0.793， P<0.01）. The regressionmodels showed a standard error of the estimate（ SEE） ranging from ±3.744 cm to ±5.902 cm. Simple linearmodel using only the hand length provided the lowest SEE for both sexes ranging from ±3.744 cm to ±4.168 cm，Conclusion ： Hand length is one of the best index for stature estimation.

Objective ：To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） on the improvement of pain behavior in rats with osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Methods ： Healthy rats were selected， and were established to model osteoporotic vertebral fracture. They were randomly divided into a healthy group， a model group， a BMSCs low-dose group， a BMSCs medium-dose group， a BMSCs high-dose group， and a neilestrol group. The healthy group and model group were given 5 mL/kg normal saline intragastric administration. 104 cells/ mL，106 cells/mL and 108 cells/mL of BMSCs were injected into the rats in low-dose BMSCs group， mediumdose BMSCs group and high-dose BMSCs group through the tail vein separately twice a week. Rats in the nilestriol group was injected via the stomach with 0.15 mL/kg nilestriol once a week for 4 weeks. MWT and TWL were used to detect spontaneous pain behavior （number of leg lifting and duration of leg lifting）. The mechanical properties were detected by universal material testing machine. Serum bone alkalin phophatase（BALP） and collagen C telopeptide type Ⅰ（CTX-Ⅰ）were detected by ELISA， and the pathological morphology was observed by H-E staining. Results ：Compared with the healthy group， MWT， TWL， BALP， maximum load， maximum strain， and elastic modulus of rats in model group and BMSCs low-dose group decreased， while CTX-Ⅰ， the number of leg lifting， and the duration of leg lifting increased. Compared with the model group and BMSCs low-dose group， MWT， TWL， BALP， maximum load， maximum strain， and elastic modulus were increased in BMSCs medium dose group and nierstradiol group， while CTX-Ⅰ， the number of leg lifting and the duration of leg lifting were decreased. Compared with the BMSCs medium dose group and nierstradiol group， MWT， TWL， BALP level， maximum load， maximum strain and elastic modulus were increased inBMSCs high-dose group， while CTX-Ⅰ level，the number and duration of leg lifting were decreased. Conclusion ： BMSCs may have a positive effect on improving the pain behavior of rats with osteoporotic vertebral fracture， suggesting that BMSCs could play a protective role in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Objective ： To explore the effect mechanism of Sanjie tablet on macrophage polarization and MAPK/JNK signaling pathway in rats with liver cancer. Methods ： SPF grade male nude mice （SD strain） were randomlydivided into normal group， model group， sorafenib group， and Sanjie tablet group. The number of deaths of the ratswas recorded， and survival curves were plotted. HE staining was used to examine the pathological morphology ofliver tissues， immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of macrophage-specific markers inliver tissues， and immunoblotting was used to detect the protein expression of MAPK/JNK signaling pathway-relatedproteins in liver tissues. Results ： Compared with the normal group， the number of deaths， CD163， p38MAPK，and JNK protein expression in liver tissues of the model group were significantly increased， the survival curve，and CD11c protein expression in liver tissues were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group， thesorafenib group and Sanjie tablet group showed significantly reduced number of deaths， tumor mass and volume，CD163， p38MAPK， and JNK protein expression in liver tissues， and significantly increased survival curve andCD11c protein expression in liver tissues. Additionally， the Sanjie tablet group showed significant differencescompared with the sorafenib group. There was no statistically significant difference in p38MAPK and JNK proteinexpression in liver tissues between the inhibitor group and Sanjie tablet group， while the combined group showeda significant decrease compared with the inhibitor group. Conclusion ： Sanjie tablet may inhibit the tumor growthof rats with hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing MAPK/JNK signaling pathway， inhibiting the polarization ofmacrophages towards M2 type and promoting the polarization towards M1 type.

Objective ：To explore the feasibility of design scheme for anterolateral thigh flap based on accurate measurement of patella. Methods ：From March 2018 to March 2019， patients treated in the Hunan Cancer Hospital were treated with right anterolateral thigh flap to repair postoperative defect of oral cancer. The preoperative design based on accurate measurement of lateral superior and inferior rim of patella was performed. The iliac patellar line between iliac spine and the lateral superior rim of patella was connected as an anatomic marker to predict the surface location of the perforating branch. At the same time， portable Doppler instrument was used to detect the muscle outlet of the perforating branch. The relation of muscle outlet of the perforator and the iliac patellar line were observed during the operation. The vertical distance from the fascia outlet to the iliac patellar line was measured. Results ：The statistical results of this study showed that the muscle outlet of the perforator were all located near the iliac patellar line， which was the body surface projection of the muscle gap between rectus femoris and lateral femoris muscle， and the points of the perforator vessels entering the fascia lata were all located within bilateral 3.0 cm of the iliac patellar line. Conclusion ：The preoperative design based on the accurate measurement of patella is beneficial to locate the muscle outlet and entering fascia lata point of the perforating vessel of anterolateral thigh flap.

As a unique joint of cervical spine， the uncovertebral joint develop as a changing biomechanical product of the cervical spine with age， closely related to the stability and rotational motion of the cervical spine. Aging， intervertebral disc degeneration， osteophyte formation， uncinate process fracture， and other lesions can lead to compression of the surrounding neurovascular and the related symptoms of cervical spondylosis， so clinical treatment often needs to be carried out around the uncovertebral joint. The search for the best prevention and treatment options for the uncovertebral joint is a hot topic. However， not all animals have uncovertebral joints. After a literature review and basic research， we found that macaques have this structure among primates， and it is the most homologous to the human cervical spine. This review will describe the anatomical， biomechanical， physiological， immunological， and etiological aspects of the cervical uncovertebral joint in macaques to investigate whether it can be the best substitute to human cervical uncovertebral joints.

The mandibular torus refers to the bony protuberance structure on the lingual side of the mandible. At present， research on mandibular torus at home and abroad explores the following aspects ： the position of mandibular torus ； the incidence of mandibular torus ； gender， age， ethnic differences and other factors related to the development and incidence of mandibular torus. By summarizing the relevant literature， this paper briefly summarizes the research on the variation of mandibular torus and gives and outlook on future research on mandibular torus in China.